Rare earth elements are used in a wide range of consumer products, from iPhones to electric car motors, as well as military jet engines, satellites and lasers.

WASHINGTON, D.C.— As part of President Biden's Investing in America agenda, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) today announced $16 million from the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law to bring critical mineral supply chains to America and reduce reliance on competitors like China. The funding will support projects in West ia and …

The results of the study highlighted which rare earth elements may be particularly vulnerable to disruptions. The largest price increases in response to disruptions occurred for dysprosium …

The current global rare-earth element (REE) supply chain is highly imbalanced and tightly controlled by just a few countries. Such an imbalance of the …

Rare Earth Elements. Rare earth oxides of gadolinium, praseodymium, cerium, samarium, lanthanum, and neodymium. Photo courtesy of USDA ARS. Rare earth elements (REEs), which comprise of only 17 elements from the entire periodic table, play a critical role to our national security, energy independence, environmental future, and economic growth.

The renewable energy industry is premised heavily on the sourcing of critical and rare earth minerals, including lithium, cobalt, copper, gold, and uranium, among others, for the manufacture of solar panels, wind turbines, and related storage technologies. ... [12] "U.S. Dependence on China's Rare Earth: Trade War Vulnerability," Reuters ...

• the rare earths supply chain vulnerability question may adversely affect the ability of the United States to plan strategically for its national security needs. 1 Long, Keith …

A view of the headgear at the rare earth mind Steenkampskraal on July 29, 2019, about 80 kilometers from the Western Cape town of Vanrhynsdorp, South Africa. (Rodger Bosch/AFP via Getty Images)

Although it's just one refinement facility competing against multiple in China, its opening marks a crucial step in the United States' effort to address its vulnerable rare earth supply chain. In 2020, the Department of Defense invested $10 million into the …

China dominates the global rare earths market. The country produces an estimated 58 percent of mined rare earths, and it controls roughly 85 percent of the world's refining capacity. The U.S. accounted for more than 15 percent of rare earth mining output in 2020, but this material is exported for value-added processing and production.

In this 2022 image from video provided by Global Witness, holes are drilled into the side of a mountain in the Kachin state of Myanmar, to mine rare earth minerals. Ammonium sulphate solution is injected into the holes, effectively liquefying the earth. Once the chemicals have percolated through the mountainside, the solution is drained into ...

Tuan said VTRE hoped to win a concession that would allow it to extract about 10,000 metric tons of rare-earth oxide (REO) equivalent a year, roughly one-third of the mine's expected annual output.

On February 24, 2021, the President signed E.O. 14017, directing a whole-of-government approach to assessing vulnerabilities in, and strengthening the resilience of, critical supply chains.

An aggressive approach and fraying relations with China is doing an uncontrollable damage to the U.S. economic, industrial and technological future. It won't …

The rising concern was also reflected in the EU's new list of CRMs, released in September 2020. The number of critical raw materials is now 30, up from 14 in 2011, 20 in 2014 and 27 in 2017. In the new list, lithium, bauxite, titanium and strontium were added. The addition of lithium had been expected due to the EU's support for factories ...

The vulnerability of electric-vehicle and wind-turbine supply chains to the supply of rare-earth elements in a 2-degree scenario. ... The use of Rare earth for manufacturing permanent magnets for wind turbines shows an increment in recent years because these new kinds of turbines generate electricity during low wind speeds, are …

Japan's global rare earths quest holds lessons for the US and Europe. A well-grounded plan. In 2010, the Japanese government had a rude wakeup call: Beijing had abruptly cut off all rare earth ...

Already, more than 80 percent of the world's rare-earth elements are extracted in China. But the Chinese government isn't done—they have higher ambitions for REEs.

Administration to strengthen the U.S. rare earth element and magnet supply chain: • Through the DPA and IBAS programs, the Department of Defense has invested nearly …

DARPA's Intelligent Generation of Tools for Security (INGOTS) program aims to identify and fix high-severity, chainable vulnerabilities before attackers can exploit them. INGOTS will pioneer new techniques driven by program analysis and artificial intelligence to measure vulnerabilities within modern, complex systems, such as web browsers and ...

It won't be wise on the part of Washington to expose its vulnerability to the world and waste the next twenty years in seeking "rare earth sovereignty." Only a truce and cooperation between the two major economies across all domains can fix many of America's predicaments including the REE nuisance and would allow the economic duo make …

The Chinese grip on Rare Earths is no less than it was in the days of Great Panic. Indeed in those days there was at least hope that several handfuls of projects were advancing and that the West ...

China's dominance of the rare-earths market is a relatively new phenomenon. For the latter half of the 20th century, Mountain Pass was the world's main supplier of rare earth metals. But ...

Take the patents of the whole rare earth industry as an example, China's patent advantage is concentrated in the middle-end of the chain, while Japan, the USA, ... These studies can be summarized into …

Rare Earth Elements and Microelectronics. These two specific cases of vulnerability of supply chains critical to national security are examined here in more detail: Rare earth elements. Rare earth elements are plentiful, but processing them requires substantial effort and investment, and raises environmental issues.

Production of rare earths in the United States from 2012 to 2022, by type (in metric tons of rare-earth oxide equivalent) Premium Statistic Share of global rare earths …

Table 4: Rare Earth Materials Meeting Various Definitions of Critical by Office and Report from 2011 to 2015 11 ... actions concerning supply chain vulnerabilities for materials, such as rare earths. The Defense Logistics Agency-Strategic Materials (DLA-Strategic Materials) has had management responsibility since 1988 to store select ...

The current global rare-earth element (REE) supply chain is highly imbalanced and tightly controlled by just a few countries. Such an imbalance of the critical metals supply chain poses a significant challenge to the energy-transition strategies and the national security of many countries. This issue of MRS Bulletin delves into the materials …

3 Foreign Policy Research Institute, America's Critical Strategic Vulnerability: Rare Earth Elements, June 2022 Rare Element Resources Ltd. and its partners, through development of the Bear Lodge Project, are striving to become the cornerstone to a secure domestic REE supply chain, providing a consistent, high-quality source of critical ...

The deep ocean is a mysterious, pitch-black world populated by creatures specially adapted to the crushing pressure, the dark, and the near-freezing temperatures. Though the ocean covers 70 ...