According to estimation, the germanium resource contained in zinc sulfide ore is over 100,000 t. The zinc ore resources containing rich germanium are found in Yunnan, Guizhou, and Guangdong, and the germanium coal resources are mostly found in Yunnan, Inner Mongolia, and Xinjiang. Zinc smelting is the major resource of …

Resources of germanium and its extraction from the resources by hydrometallurgical methods were reviewed. Although Ge exists in some sulfide ores, by-products and residues from the processing of these ores and coal combustion are the primary resources for Ge recovery. Optical fiber and solar panel wastes can be …

The current research examined the extraction of germanium, vanadium, and lithium from coal fly ash (CFA) using a sequential sodium salt roasting and organic acid leaching process. To this end, three sets of experiments were performed. In all experiments, CFA was roasted with salt at 850 °C and then leached with an organic acid.

The removal efficiency of zinc and germanium can reach 53.82% and 50.24%, respectively, which are 12.67% and 6.10% higher than conventional acid washing efficiency, and 31.10% and 22.51% higher than conventional water washing efficiency. During water washing, the hydrolysis of Zn 2+ and Fe 3+ results in low elution efficiency. …

A very selective separation of germanium from other elements is achieved by extracting GeCl 4 from 9 M hydrochloric acid into CCl 4, CHC1 3 or C 6 H 6 [1–4]. An extraction of GeCl 4 with heptane from 9.4 M HCl has been recommended [5]. Only ASCI 3 and traces of some other metals are also extracted. Extraction of As(III) is prevented by ...

Leaching of the dross containing 28.7% Sn, 18.0 Pb, 10.6% Cu, 8.9% Ge, 8.1% Zn, and 2.7% In in sulphuric and oxalic acid solution was investigated. The dross was obtained from thermal oxidation of by-product alloy generated during a New Jersey (NJ) zinc rectification process. The influence of different process conditions (temperature, time, …

Read this article. Resources of germanium and its extraction from the resources by hydrometallurgical methods were reviewed. Although Ge exists in some …

In addition, the mechanisms of germanium extraction and phase separation improvement were studied. The coordination number of YW100 and germanium is 3, while the coordination number of D2EHPA is 1. ... N235 concentration = 35%; H 2 SO 4 concentration = 67.13 g/L; contact time = 5 min and 25 °C. The optimal extraction rate of germanium …

Germanium (Ge) is often found as trace element in undeformed sphalerite (ZnS). However, the presence of Ge-minerals (oxides, chloritoids and/or sulphides with up to 70 wt% Ge) is remarkable in Pb ...

2.2. Germanium and gallium extraction tests. To achieve high and regular Ge and/or Ga extractable yields regardless of the operational conditions of the Puertollano IGCC plant, 8 extractants were selected (H 2 O, NaOH, HCl, H 2 SO 4, H 2 O 2, CaO, oxalic acid (H 2 C 2 O 4) and catechol (C 6 H 6 O 2)).These extractants cover a wide spectrum …

Germanium is recovered as a byproduct from Zn-refineries and coal fly ash. Yet very low amount (<3%) of Ge contained in Zn-ores and fly ash is recovered worldwide, which suggests that the criticality of Ge is due to lack of economical and efficient extraction and recovery process rather than lack of resources.

Germanium is key to fibre optic cables and also used in high-speed computer chips and plastics as well as infrared radiation. The metal and its oxides are used in military applications like night ...

Nazarenko VA, Flyantikova GV, Lebedeva NV (1962) On the ionic composition of germanium in weakly acidic solutions. Ukr Khim Zh 28:66–67 (in Russian) Google Scholar Nguyen TH, Lee MS (2021) A review on germanium resources and its extraction by hydrometallurgical method. Miner Process Extr Metall Rev 42:406–426

Bioleaching was exploited by few researchers to extract germanium from zinc sulfides, sulfide tailings, jarosite, coal fly ash, and flue dust via green route without …

Extraction of germanium from acidic leach solutions containing Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, and cobalt by an emulsion liquid membrane technique using Kelex 100 as a carrier was studied by Tutkun et al. [67 ...

Germanium can be selectively extracted from aqueous solution containing As, Sb, Ni, V and Zn. /Ge molar ratio of 15 and TOA/Ge molar ratio of 9 from a slightly acid solution (pH 2–3), using a 20/1 of aqueous phase/organic phase ratio can achieve optimal the recovery rate of germanium and minimize impurities extraction.

Waters RF, Kenworthy H. Extraction of germanium and gallium from coal fly ash and phosphorus furnace flue dust. Report 6940. US Bureau of Mines, 1967; 71. Zouboulis AI, Papadoyannis IN, Matis KA. …

The recovery of germanium from low-grade ores and secondary resources requires the development of new separation and purification techniques. In this work, the solvent extraction (SX) …

Germanium extraction from lignite using gravity separation combined with Low-Temperature sintering and chlorinated distillation. Author links open overlay panel Wenting Bo a, ... Subsequently, 25 g of lignite was dissolved in 66.67 % of the liquid in a centrifuge cup. Then, solid–liquid stirring was performed followed by centrifugation ...

The order of reagent concentration efficiency in term of maximum extraction is 2.5 ≥ 5>7.5 M. This shows that there is a H + and CH 3 COOH − concentration beyond which germanium extraction decreases. Therefore, the best reagent concentration for maximum germanium extraction was maintained to be 2.5 M for other experiments.

To extract germanium from tar, it is treated with a dilute solution of sodium sulfide or polysulfide. An original method for extracting germanium from lignite processing products was proposed in Hungary. Germanium was extracted from tars using a 1% solution of (NH 4) 2 CO 3 with heating in a film extractor . The emulsions were separated …

Carbon Footprint Comparison of Germanium from Different Sources. As explained in the introduction, one of the objectives is to compare the environmental …

Then, the solution was stripped by the 1 mol/L NH4F solution to obtain a germanium extraction ratio of 99.4% and a stripping ratio of 96.2% after three extraction and stripping stages. The total organic carbon (TOC) was used to characterize the total organic matter amount in the raffinate. Compared to the "YW100 + D2EHPA" extraction …

As seen, leaching the H2SO4-leached residue with 250 kg/mt HF for 2 h at 80°C and 10% pulp solids extracted 93 % of the remaining germanium, bringing total germanium extraction from approximately 70 to 98%. (The high cost of HF could make this alternative less viable.) Modify the two-stage zinc leaching procedure.

Published: 16 May 2022. Roadmap for recycling of germanium from various resources: reviews on recent developments and feasibility views. Hossein Kamran Haghighi & …

The E-pH diagrams for the Zn-H 2 O, Fe-H 2 O, Pb-H 2 O, Si-H 2 O, Ga-H 2 O, and Ge-H 2 O system at 25 °C were obtained using Outokumpu HSC Chemistry 6.0 (HSC chemistry 6.0, 2006).As shown in Fig. 3 (a) and (e), Zn 2+ and Ga 3+ are stable species under low pH conditions (pH < 1.0), suggesting that Zn and Ga can be extracted …

The process of germanium re-extraction from germanium-containing solutions by coordination with tannins is well established, but the reaction mechanism is highly controversial. ... Forum 2016, 857, 63–67. …

Germanium (Ge) as an important strategic metal is widely used in many modern-technology fields such as optical fiber and thermal solar cells. In this study, the volatilization behavior of Ge from low-grade germanium-bearing lignite was investigated in detail through reductive volatilization. The results indicated that temperature and air flow …

Germanium. Gravity separation. Low-temperature sintering. Enrichment. Chlorinated distillation. 1. Introduction. Germanium (Ge), a rare metal, has excellent optoelectronic …

A SX process was developed to extract germanium and gallium anionic species from aqueous solutions of the zinc refinery residue leaching step using N235 mixed with ... (a formula weight of 353.67, specific gravity of 0.81, viscosity of 34.8 mPa at 34.6 °C, and purity of 95.0-100.0%) provided by Cognis Deutschland , Germany is an anionic ...