The food industry is seeking to improve system performance and to enhance process efficiency without increasing cost and time. Finding a condition with the best output for a system is the main purpose of "optimization" which has been commonly used (Baş & Boyacı, 2007).In the past, optimization in food processes has been performed through …

Results of variation of NH 4 +-N in the solution leached from soil (a) and in the soil itself (b) for six samples (control soil, soil with urea, soils with urea and different ratios of vermiculite) versus time.In this experiment, repeated analysis were 5 times for NH 4 +-N and 9 times for control water, and the Relative Standard Deviations (RSD, %) of the …

Vermiculite has been used for the removal of Cu 2 + and Ag + from aqueous solutions in a fixed-bed column system. The effects of initial silver and copper ion concentrations, flow rate, and bed height of the adsorbent in a fixed-bed column system were investigated. Statistical analysis confirmed that breakthrough curves depended on all three factors. …

The use of 31.0% vermiculite in concrete roof tiles was suggested for better thermal insulation optimization (20.29% reduction) and weight reduction (7.92% and 7.94% at 28 days of curing and after ...

The Application of Response Surface Methodology in the Study of Photodegraded Industrial Dairy Effluents by the Photo-Fenton Process: Optimization and Economic Viability Article Full-text available

Abstract: Vermiculite has been used for the removal of Cu2+ and Ag+ from aqueous solutions in fixed-bed column system. The effects of initial silver and copper ion …

Vermiculite (VMT) is a kind of natural hydrate clay mineral, which is mainly located in South Africa [], Unite State [2, 3], Brazil [] and China [].VMT processes two-dimensional (2D) layered structure that consists of lamella (silicon oxygen tetrahedron, magnesium oxygen octahedron, etc) and interlaminar cation (hydroxyl molecules) …

When undergoing the expansion process, the volume of vermiculite increases and acquires a porous structure. Because of its expansion, there is a decrease in the density of the material to 0.15–0.25 …

As a result of the research, vermiculite concrete bricks with the compressive strengths ranging from 3.2 to 5.9 kN/mm2 and densities ranging from 1,780 to 2,142 kg/m3 were obtained.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of clinoptilolite zeolite and vermiculite on (i) nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) acquiring enzymes' activity, (ii) potential nitrification rate (PNR), and on (iii) availabilities of the inorganic N forms. These parameters are critical to description of N mineralization and nitrification processes …

Before modification, the Raw-V samples were washed thrice using deionized water, and then dried at 60 °C for 48 h. The modification process was first conducted by adding 30 g of vermiculite into a 250 mL flask containing 150 mL of 0.5 mol L −1 NaCl solution. After an ultrasonic treatment for 30 min and mechanical shaking for 8 h, the samples ...

This is process optimization at its finest, and the same concept can be applied to great effect for your business. Table of contents: What is process optimization? Benefits of process optimization for businesses. 12 business process optimization methods. Executing optimization in 7 steps. Challenges to process optimization. …

where C 0 is the initial dye concentration (mg L −1), C e is the dye concentration at equilibrium (mg L −1), C t is the dye concentration at time t (mg L −1), and V is the volume of the dye solution (L) and W is the weight of dry beads (g). 2.5. Desorption and regeneration study The recovery and reusability of a solid adsorbent is one of the most important …

Abstract. Vermiculite samples were impregnated with different amounts of calcium oxide by the conventional thermal heating technique and subject to CO 2 capture experiments in thermal analysis equipment. The amount of CO 2 captured by calcium oxide increased from 13 g of CO 2 per mol of CaO to 16.8 g of CO 2 per mol of CaO when the …

Introduction Unconventional alternatives such as aerobic and anaerobic effluent from starch industry contain essential nutrients for Btk active ingredient synthesis. Effluent from starch industry is rich in carbon and nitrogen and can replace expensive feedstock used during the fermentation process. Objectives The main objective of this …

Steps to improve and optimize a business process. When planning a business process improvement and optimization initiative, determine the business goals, where improvements are needed and what needs to be optimized. A goal-centric vision sets the foundation for measuring and evaluating progress. 1. Identify a single process that …

Process optimization definition. Process optimization is the discipline of adjusting a process so as to optimize (make the best or most effective use of) some specified set of parameters without violating some constraint. Taguchi's Quality Engineering Handbook – Genichi Taguchi, Subir Chowdhury, Yuin Wu.

Also, vermiculite removed dysprosium with high efficiency (99.2%) under the best experimental conditions, at pH around 3.5 and adsorbent mass of 0.64 g, indicating …

Primary processing consists of screening the raw material to remove the waste rock greater than 1.6 centimeters (cm) (5/8 inch [in.]) and returning the raw ore to stockpiles. Blending is accomplished as material is removed from stockpiles and …

Preparation of raw vermiculite sample Vermiculite sample was ground to particle size to 355-400 µm with Retsch RM 200 mortar. In order to remove the water-soluble impurities from the sample, 10 g of raw vermiculite was dispersed in 250 mL distilled water and shaken in a batch shaker for 12 hours. After washing

Vermiculite concrete brick unit weight ranges from 1,780 to 2,625 kg/m3 in their hardened state. The mortar series showed the highest vermiculite content whereas the replacement of fine aggregate with vermiculite produced the lowest values. ... In the future, different various statistical tools for optimization and prediction can be explored in ...

Vermiculite has been used for the removal of Cu 2 + and Ag + from aqueous solutions in a fixed-bed column system. The effects of initial silver and copper ion concentrations, flow rate, and bed height of the adsorbent in a fixed-bed column system were investigated. Statistical analysis confirmed that breakthrough curves depended on all three factors. …

The ammonia removal as well as the current efficiency during electrolysis was investigated by using a vermiculite-packed electrochemical reactor under continuous mode. Experimental results showed ...

Optimization of the size and shape of modules to increase furnace unit energy efficiency is a task for subsequent research. ... It is possible to increase the duration of the vermiculite firing process due to shortening the inclined flat section, and due to an increase in the horizontal flat part of the module, and with this criterion also ...

The result indicated that during the modification process, sodium ions entered the vermiculite interlayer mainly through the exchange of calcium ions in vermiculite interlayers. ... The convergence criteria for structure optimization and energy calculation were set as energy tolerance of 2.0 × 10 −5 eV per atom, ...

The crystallinity loss of vermiculite and therefore the structural disorder increase are caused by the structural water loss. ... there was an increase in intensity and optimization of the profile of the …

Cs isotherms on natural Mg-vermiculite and Na-vermiculite indicate a decrease in the Cs adsorption rate by increasing the Cs ... (CCD) model optimization of the adsorption process identified 57 min as the optimal contact time. For optimum IC contents of 30 and 58 mg/L, the recorded adsorption capacities were 123 and 261 mg/g in the …

This paper covers experimental test work into the exfoliation of four graded vermiculite products from different geographical localities, accompanied by process …

Process optimization is performed by using mathematical models in order to obtain the best quality value-added compost, and moreover, to manage the process more economically. ... and expanded vermiculite on nitrogen loss were examined for industrial sludge composting using the Box-Behnken experimental design. The independent …

Environmental management system using Lean Six sigma accompanied with process modeling and optimization tools, whether statistical or computational, generate reliable models. ... SPEF-vermiculite ...