The Witwatersrand deposits are regarded as remnants of a gold megaevent at 2.9 Ga when environmental conditions are suggested to have been suitable for intense gold flux off the Archean land ...

Witwatersrand, ridge of gold-bearing rock mostly in Gauteng province, South Africa. Its name means "Ridge of White Waters." The highland, which forms the watershed between the Vaal and Limpopo rivers, is about 62 miles (100 km) long and 23 miles (37 km) wide; its average elevation is about 5,600

The Witwatersrand gold mines have to be dewatered constantly to allow mining due to the proximity of the dolomites of the Malmani Subgroup (Morgan and Brink, 1984, Warwick et al., 1987). The dolomites of the younger Transvaal Supergroup overlie the gold-bearing Ventersdorp Supergroup and Witwatersrand Supergroup, with the result …

Quartz-pebble-conglomerate gold deposits represent some of the largest gold depositories in the world; in fact, the Witwatersrand Basin represents the largest resource of produced gold in the world (for example, Frimmel, 2002, 2008; Frimmel and Minter, 2002). Grains of native gold are found within coarse-grained sediment beds, either directly

The discovery of gold on the Witwatersrand in South Africa occurred between 1884 and 1886 with George Harrison's 1886 discovery on the farm Langlaagte considered as the most significant. The first large mining company, the Witwatersrand Gold Mining Company, was established in the same year [ 1 ]. The discovery of gold has …

The origin of Witwatersrand gold can be explained by metamorphic devolatilisation to generate auriferous fluids beneath and outside the Witwatersrand Basin, followed by passage of these fluids along large structures and into the Basin. In this model, generation of the fluid is a consequence of the transition to amphibolite facies of mafic rocks ...

However, paleoplacer gold deposits that are younger than Witwatersrand gold ores still require additional exploration and processing attention. One of the youngest examples of the Witwatersrand-type gold ores in South Africa is the ~ 2.064 Ga BR formation at the base of the Transvaal Supergroup.

Discovery of Gold in the Witwatersrand: During the late 19th century, various gold strikes (discovery of gold) occurred in areas in America, Australia, Asia and southern Africa. [1] However, the discovery of gold in the Witwatersrand in 1886 was arguably one of the most significant discoveries as it supplied a great portion of the …

USD 16.00 Add to cart. PDF download + Online access. 48 hours access to article PDF & online version. Article PDF can be downloaded. Article PDF can be printed. USD 58.00. * Local tax will be added as applicable. Published in Rocks & …

A lmost 40% of all gold mined during recorded history has been recovered over the past 120 years from a single ore province: the Witwatersrand Basin in South …

The Witwatersrand gold deposit in South Africa is the source of 40% of the gold in circulation. This gold was formed 2.6 billion years ago, during the Archaean, but the precise mechanisms for its ...

Explore the historical journey of the Witwatersrand Gold Rush, which led to the establishment of Johannesburg and initiated South Africa's domination of world gold …

Two major theories-the placer model and the hydrothermal model-attempt to account for the origin of gold in the Witwatersrand basin. The placer model holds that gold was eroded from a pre-existing ...

A brief overview of the history and development of Witwatersrand, the famous gold mine of South Africa. With photos, facts, and figures about its impact on the growth of the region, …

Witwatersrand System, major division of Precambrian rocks in South Africa (the Precambrian began about 3.8 billion years ago and ended 540 million years ago). The …

The Witwatersrand Gold Rush traces its origins back to June 1884, when Jan Gerrit Bantjes made the first recorded discovery of gold on the Witwatersrand. Bantjes, a prospector from the Eastern Cape, had been lured to the region by stories of a South African "El Dorado". Two years later, ...

Gold and uranium concentration by interaction of immiscible fluids (hydrothermal and hydrocarbon) in the Carbon Leader Reef, Witwatersrand Supergroup, South Africa. Precambrian Research, 2017 ...

In 1886, gold was discovered in the Witwatersrand Basin, and since then half of all the gold that has been mined in the world has been derived from this and nearby sources. Scientists predict that the gold deposits in Witwatersrand formed nearly 3 billion years ago, when elemental gold formed compounds with sulfur that were washed down …

The origin of Witwatersrand gold can be explained by metamorphic devolatilisation to generate auriferous fluids beneath and outside the Witwatersrand Basin, followed by …

South Africa is famous for its rich deposits of gold, the vast majority of which come from the Witwatersrand Basin, an underground geological formation believed to …

The Witwatersrand Basin near the centre of the Kaapvaal Craton (Fig. 10.1) is a domain of many superlatives and holds several world records. Foremost it has become famous for representing the by far …

The Witwatersrand gold fields in South Africa, which are the world's largest gold producing province, hold important keys for understanding Archaean atmospheric and hydrospheric evolution. Crucial to the debate around atmospheric O 2 levels at that time is the genesis of redox-sensitive minerals that are associated with the gold. Although most ...

The Witwatersrand gold fields of South Africa account for more than a third of the world's total gold production since mining started there in 1886: 48,000 t Au. These …

Case Studies from the Witwatersrand Basin and Bushveld Complex (South Africa) M. S. Manzi, M. S. Manzi. University of the Witwatersrand, School of Geosciences, Johannesburg, South Africa ... has been successfully used to explore some of the world's largest gold and platinum deposits and map the gross structural architecture that …

But the Witwatersrand gold has low 187 Os/ 188 Os values, much like that of the three-billion-year-old mantle, suggesting that Witwatersrand's gold was not originally derived from normal crust. Instead, it originated directly …

The gold sludge will be dispatched to Rand refinery, an integrated single-site precious metals refining and smelting complex in South Africa. Contractors involved in Witwatersrand Basin project The definitive feasibility study for the project was prepared by Bara Consulting, a global mine engineering firm.

Advocates of this model favor the post-depositional introduction of gold by hydrothermal fluids from beneath the Witwatersrand basin or an external source (Barnicoat et al., 1997 (Barnicoat et al ...

On 14 September 1886, the first large mining company on the Reef, the Witwatersrand Gold Mining Company, was formed with a total nominal capital of £3,063,000. The first crushing battery, consisting of five stamps, had been erected on the Reef in 1885 to service the Struben's excavations on the lower West Rand reef, but this was a small ...

The Witwatersrand gold-producing area in South Africa is underlain by an underground geological formation also known as the Witwatersrand Basin. It lies on the Kaapvaal Craton, and is one of the world's largest gold placer deposits. This elliptical basin stretches over an arc of roughly 400km traversing across the Free State, North West and ...

Gold mining in the Witwatersrand Basin has been responsible for the creation of the metropolis of Johannesburg and many thriving mining towns and has had a major influence in the shaping of South ...