Copper-indium bimetallic catalysts with a dendritic structure were prepared by a two-step electrodeposition method using hydrogen evolution as a template. The Cu-In-30 catalyst with the electrodeposition time of 30 min had the most electrochemical active sites; therefore, it could effectively improve the conversion of CO 2 to formate.

Copper indium sulfide QDs were initially synthesized via a heat-up method with a thiol precursor (dodecanethiol) as the sulfur source, as is typical in the field.9,35,36 However, we found that these CIS cores and zinc-alloyed CIS (CISZ) QDs could not be encapsulated in a lipid-PEG micelle for water

In fact, transition metals and some other metals often exhibit variable charges that are not predictable by their location in the table. For example, copper can form ions with a 1+ or 2+ charge, and iron can form ions with a 2+ or 3+ charge. Figure (PageIndex{2}): Some elements exhibit a regular pattern of ionic charge when they form ions.

Spent copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) materials have been found to be a source for the recovery of indium and galium [3]. After some previous steps, the leaching solution was extracted with ...

High stability and selectivity of indium‐modified copper nitride. We aimed to enhance the modest structural stability of the In 2 O 3 /Cu 2 O system7 by replacing copper oxide by copper nitride without negatively affecting its high selectivity. We took as reference the catalyst In 2 O 3 /Cu 2 O in powder form with 7.2 wt % indium reported by us …

Copper indium disulfide (CuInS 2, CIS) is a typical I-III-VI 2 semiconductor, which absorbs in almost the whole visible light region and can efficiently exploit solar energy. In quantum dot form, the photoinduced properties of CuInS 2 become particularly remarkable, as proven by the number of research works published in the last 10 years ( …

The solar energy as one of the new energy sources and a regenerated energy is abundant and pollution-free. Most photovoltaic devices (solar cells) sold in the market today are based on silicon wafers, the so-called "first generation" technology. The market at present is on the verge of switching to a "second generation" of thin film solar …

Copper—indium—gallium—diselenide (CIGS) is a fast-evolving commercial solar cell. The firm demand for global carbon reduction and the rise of potential environmental threats necessitate spent CIGS solar cell recycling. In this paper, the sources and characteristics of valuable metals in spent CIGS solar cells were reviewed. The …

2.2. CIS NCs Synthesis. Aqueous copper indium sulfide NCs were synthesized using a hydrothermal method that was inspired by a published method [].In a standard procedure, 0.75 mmol of copper chloride and indium chloride were dissolved in 50 mL of deionized water, then 9 mmol of the surface stabilizer (MPA) were injected, and …

The two basic types of overlays used in performance engine bearings are copper, tin, lead, or lead indium. Copper, tin, lead overlay have tighter tolerances than standard bearings and more "crush.". The …

1. Introduction. The semiconductive material copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) is used in high efficiency thin film solar cells. To ensure a future supply of the rare and valuable metals indium and gallium the material needs to be recycled [1, 2].Recycling of CIGS waste materials often involves hydrometallurgical treatment that …

Bimetallic copper–indium (Cu–In) catalysts have been synthesized by using a coprecipitation method and found to be among the best reported In-based catalysts for electrochemical CO 2 reduction to CO or HCOOH. By varying the metal ratio, the catalyst can be tuned from a core–shell structure that selectively produces CO to a well-mixed ...

Copper-indium catalysts show high performance toward carbon monoxide production but also extensive structural and compositional changes under operation. The origin of the synergistic effect and ...

The material separation and high yield recovery of copper, indium, and gallium are done from discarded commercialised copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cell [20]. Recently few ...

Indium is used in many modern technologies today, including LEDs and solar cells. In my lab, we have glass slides coated with an alloy called Indium Tin Oxide, which is also a conductor. Indium is a very good conductor of electricity. Specifically, it has a conductivity of 1.2x10 7 S/m. For reference, Silver (the most conductive element) has a ...

The advanced technologies are cadmium telluride, copper indium gallium selenide, and thin film-based technologies with reported efficiency of 20% [9, 10]. Some of the cadmium telluride-based solar cells companies have gained tremendous success at the commercial level with an efficiency of about 11% . However, silicon-based single-junction …

1. Introduction The capture and conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) is an important aspect of the carbon cycle, and the electrochemical reduction of CO2 (CO …

An octadecene-free heating-up method was employed with dodecanethiol as a multi-functional agent, i.e., a reaction medium, a sulfur source, and a surface capping ligand. Compositions were controlled simply by changing the Cu/In feeding ratio. The surface defects were also controlled by the amount of surface ligands and ZnS shell …

Google Scholar. 51Rey: J. Reynolds, W.A. Wiseman, and W. Hume-Rothery, "The Equilibrium Diagram of the System Copper-Indium in the Region 25–35 At. % Indium," …

In 2021, the U.S. was 100 percent net import reliant on indium from China, Canada, Republic of Korea, and France (U.S. Geological Survey, 2022). Indium is most commonly recovered from sphalerite, a zinc-sulfide mineral, wherein the indium occurs in quantities of less than 1 part per million (ppm) to 100 ppm (U.S. Geological Survey, 2022).

Galinstan consists of gallium, indium, and tin. Interaction of copper and gallium can cause a diffusion process, which will generate the intermetallic compound CuGa 2 [33]. Therefore, a thin ...

Abstract. Copper-indium bimetallic catalysts with a dendritic structure are fabricated by a two-step electrodeposition method using a hydrogen evolution template …

To this scope, this study evaluates the mass flow of Ag and In during the treatment of waste polycrystalline silicon and monocrystalline silicon, as well as copper indium selenide photovoltaic panels in order to produce valuable pre-concentrates of these metals. The treatment routes, used in various combinations, are (a) thermal …

Based on the above analyses, this study first reports on indium-based zeolite-like metal-organic frameworks (In-ZMOFs) grown in situ on copper foils followed by calcining at high temperature to obtain a Cu-In bimetallic catalyst with abundant point defects on its surface for use in the CO 2 ER. The periodic arrangement of metal nodes …

The global market is segmented into 1-2, 2-3, and 3-4 micrometers based on the film thickness. The thickness of the CIGS absorber layer is typically 2–2.5 to 3 μm. Because CIGS has a relatively high absorption coefficient (105 cm1 at 1.4 eV and higher), a 0.5 μm thick CIGS absorber sheet may absorb more than 90% of the total solar spectrum.

The increase in the manufacturing of copper-indium-gallium-diselenide (CIGS) thin film photovoltaics is accompanied by a growing amount of production waste, which contains a mixture of valuable, critical and hazardous elements. However, industrial recovery and reuse processes of these elements for production of new photovoltaics are …

The increase in the manufacturing of copper-indium-gallium-diselenide (CIGS) thin film photovoltaics is accompanied by a growing amount of production waste, which …

68Gau: M. Gauneau and R. Graf, "Structure and Orientation of the Equilibrium Phases Developed During Precipitation of an Alloy of Copper-Indium with 16.8% Indium,"Compt. Rend. B, 266, 1397–1400 (1968) in French.

NREL has significant capabilities in copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) thin-film photovoltaic research and device development. CIGS-based thin-film solar modules represent a high-efficiency alternative for large-scale, commercial solar modules. CIGS is a versatile material that can be fabricated by multiple processes and implemented in ...

Electrodeposition of first copper and then indium from a solution containing the dissolved residue from the selenium separation and ammonium chloride in 1 M HCl gave a copper yield of 100.1 ± 0.5 ...