By 2015, 45% of all PGM mines in South Africa were estimated to be making a loss by the Chamber of Mines ... Beyond the adverse health effects resulting from environmental pollution, there are also other health consequences. Mining communities in South Africa have been epicenters for diseases such as tuberculosis (TB) and human …

Diversified miner Sibanye-Stillwater is implementing a range of renewable-energy solar photovoltaic (PV) projects to support its local gold and platinum-group metal (PGM) mining operations. This ...

The medium voltage electricity mix for South Africa required to extract, concentrate, smelt, separate and refine 1 kg of PGM at a South African platinum mine was obtained from Ecoinvent (2009). These …

A survey by stakeholders in the PGM Industry identified the top six applications that should be focussed on for PGM beneficiation in South Africa, namely: 1. Hydrogen Economy (fuel cells, hydrogen production) 2. Catalysts (automotive and other) 3. Batteries (battery storage, solar photovoltaics, lithium sulphur batteries and lithium ion batteries)

South Africa dominates PGM world production with 58%. Russia accounts for a further 26%, most of this as a co-product of nickel mining. ... and a considerably positive environmental impact. 4. Base Metal Refining. According to Cole and Ferron ... Of the major South African PGM mining companies, Lonmin Platinum uses the …

Rhodium and palladium sales account for 72,7% of the PGM basket in Stats SA's Mining: Production and sales release, and platinum accounts for the balance. A decade ago, platinum accounted for 68,1% of the sales split. In South Africa, the PGM sector is the largest contributor to mining in terms of sales.

working areas. The power grid in South Africa, where the bulk of production considered in this study takes place, relies heavily on burning hard coal, leading to relatively high CO 2 emissions: more than 90% of electricity is generated that way. To a great extent, the local electricity grid mix is beyond the control of South African PGM producers.

Processing resource requirements in mineral extractive industries tend to increase over time as ore grades decrease, which consequently increases the environmental footprint of operations and …

In addition to the cost to the state and to the industry, the negative impact of illegal mining extends to the communities and the environment. "Currently, illegal mining is not directly addressed in South African legislation." Illegal mining Artisanal and small-scale mining In South Africa, mining and related activities are regulated by

The Bushveld Complex (BC), located in northern South Africa, is a Paleoproterozoic Large Igneous Province ~2 Ga in age. It is the world's largest layered mafic intrusion and boasts the highest concentration of Platinum Group Elements (PGE). The Bushveld Complex contains 75%, 54%, and 82% of global Platinum, Palladium, and …

Mineral sales for March 2021 in South Africa reached a record ZAR 75 billion, with 41 percent of that generated by PGMs according to the latest data, while platinum supply for Zimbabwe in Q1 2021 showed 11 percent growth compared to the same period in 2020. Additionally, the Zimbabwe Statistics Agency reported that PGM exports …

benefits of mining Platinum Group Metals (PGMs) in South Africa. It complements a Life Cycle Assessment recently carried out by the International Platinum Group Metals Association (IPA) to assess the environmental impacts of the primary and secondary production of PGMs and the benefits of using PGMs in catalytic converters (autocatalysts).

This paper presents a detailed review of the PGM industry and major environmental costs such as water, energy and greenhouse gas emissions (GGEs), focusing primarily on South Africa as a case study. A range of data are compiled, …

 Power consumption during mining and ore beneficiation has been identified as the major impact (72%) of the production of PGMs on the environment; these two energy-intensive processes precede the final separation of metals during refining, thereby producing not …

DAVID DAVIS explains the impact of the continued long-term decline in South Africa's PGM mine supply in an environment where platinum and PGM demand is gaining significant traction due to the increasing pressures surrounding climate change. Compiled by HLENGIWE MOTAUNG. ... "The South African PGM mining industry is not …

Illegal mining Artisanal and small-scale mining In South Africa, mining and related activities are regulated by numerous statutes. Informal mining activities operating outside this legal framework constitutes illegal mining. The MPRDA provides for state custodianship of mineral resources for the benefit of all South Africans.

Since then, the mining industry has become hugely important to the country, contributing roughly 219.5 billion South African Rand (roughly 12.8 billion U.S. dollars) in 2021 to South Africa's ...

group metals (PGM— including platinum, palladium, rhodium). In terms of sales volume, thermal coal and PGMs are the largest mining sectors in South Africa, accounting for ~50% of total sales in mining—with coal accounting for ZAR 133 billion and PGMs for ZAR 171 billion of total sales volume in 2020. Coal and PGM mining

For example, [10] used the WFN tool to determine the overall water footprint per unit production for PGM mines in South Africa, finding that the total footprint is about 743 m 3 kg -1, and that ...

MINERALS COUNCIL SOUTH AFRICA NATIONA PATINUM STRATEGY Page 1 In 2006 the PGM mining industry in South Africa employed over 200 000 people and produced 9.9 million ounces of PGMs valued at R65 billion (US$9.6 billion). Mining industry margins were typically above 30% and capital expenditure was nearly R20 billion (US$3 billion).

SA PGM operations. Our Southern Africa PGM operations consist of underground mining operations, surface sources and concentrators in South Africa at Kroondal, Rustenburg and Marikana, and Mimosa in Zimbabwe (a 50% joint venture with Implats). We also own the Platinum Mile tailings retreatment facility near Rustenburg, …

South Africa and Russia, the world's leading PGM producers with over 88% of the global PGM output provide evidence of such polluting industries [11,12,13]. Tuovinen et al. found SO 2 emission in the Russian Kola Peninsula to be 600,000 tonnes per year, and concluded that this was one of the most polluted points in the world.

CORPORATE PACKAGES. Mining consultancy AmaranthCX has published an electronic South African Platinum Group Metals (PGM) Map, which includes the boundaries of 53 mining and prospecting rights areas ...

South Africa. Accepted 7 October, 2010 Acid mine drainage is recognized as one of the more serious environmental problems in the mining industry. Acid mine drainage is a major problem on coal and gold mines throughout the world and in South Africa, the main focus of this study, is no exception. Various studies that have been undertaken

For example, [10] used the WFN tool to determine the overall water footprint per unit production for PGM mines in South Africa, finding that the total footprint is about 743 m3kg- 1, and that 73% of the water in use is reused or recycled grey water. ... 2017. [8] A. S. Worlanyo and L. Jiangfeng, “Evaluating the environmental and economic ...

A total of 174 MW of clean, green renewable power is on the way for Sibanye-Stillwater's platinum group metal (PGM) mines in South Africa. The total cost of the three project scheme will be in ...

A total of 174 MW of clean, green renewable power is on the way for Sibanye-Stillwater's platinum group metal (PGM) mines in South Africa. The total cost of the three project scheme will be in ...

additional 81,000 t PGMs in the reserve base category – about 88% is in South Africa, with 8% in Russia. Platinum-PGM Mining and Processing There are broadly considered to be four main types of economic PGM mineral deposits [4]: • Norite intrusions – where meteoritic impact has been instrumental in PGM emplacement; eg.

The main environmental impacts of platinum mining Solid waste – tailings dams and waste rock dumps 580 000 tons ore/ton Pt produced; Plus waste rock: 20% – 90% of ore (UGM) Water consumption: 273 to 544 m3/kg PGM (average about 400 m3/kg) Energy consumption (mine, concentrator and smelter): 168 to 256 GJ/ kg PGM CO 2e …

Illegal mining is becoming an increasing issue for and risk to the sustainability of the mining industry in South Africa. It undermines the rule of law and property rights, affecting the state's ability to attract investment and meet its developmental goals. As Ursula Brown, head of legal at Minerals Council South Africa writes