Controlling ammonium perchlorate crystals with desired properties is still a challenge in industrial crystallization. In this work, two different cooling crystallization methods, namely solvent ...

It took 12 boxes of these 1/2" diameter lead balls (from Bass Pro) to fill the mill jar half full, which is the ideal media "charge" in this1-gallon jar setup. The total weight of the media is 30 pounds. That is an important note: Fill …

Ammonium perchlorate has been pulverised by an impact mill (air classifier mill) to study the influence of different operating parameters, viz., effect of mill …

Fluid Energy Mill Overview. ... Our Micro-Jet is typically used to grind oxidizers, such as Ammonium Perchlorate. Mineral and Pigment Grinding A Fluid Energy Model 0808 Jet-O-Mizer utilizes 1,200-2,200 SCFM of air compressed to 100 …

Ammonium perchlorate has been pulverised by an impact mill (air classifier mill) to study the influence of different operating parameters, viz., effect of mill speed, classifier speed, feed rate ...

propellant contains an oxidiser [mainly ammonium perchlorate (60-80 %)], a binder such as hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) (10-15 %), and a metallic fuel, like aluminium powder (15-20 %). Ammonium perchlorate is the most important ingredient of solid rocket propellants. Its variation in particle size as well as coarse-to-fine ratio are ...

Ammonium chloride. Ammonium chlorate. Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references. Ammonium perchlorate or AP is an inorganic compound with the formula NH4ClO4, a white solid which is a powerful oxidizer, widely used as rocket propellant.

Heat of phase transition of ammonium perchlorate from orthorhombic to cubic modification is 11.3 kJ/mol [6]. The unit cell of the orthorhombic modification contains four molecules. The unit cell parameters are: a = 0.9202, b = 0.5816 and c = 0.7449 nm. Four oxygen atoms form a tetrahedron around the chlorine atom.

Abstract. In order to improve the thermal decomposition performances of ammonium perchlorate (AP), the laminated AP composite was prepared by ice …

Ammonium Perchlorate(AP) was smashed by jet mill, and then superfine spherical AP particles was prepared by planetary ball mill. Their morphologies, particle and IR spectra were characterized with scan electron microscope(SEM), Micron laser particle size analyzer and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer.

High performance rocket propellants often contain ammonium perchlorate (AP) as the main solid ingredient inside an elastomeric binder. As ( Citation 2015 ) states, AP containing propellants have many excellent properties, including excellent density specific impulse performance, desirable burning rates, and generally favorable ...

The solvent–solvent cooling crystallization method is proposed in this work to prepare ammonium perchlorate crystals with tunable shape and size, which not only …

An oscillating mill, a pin mill and a jet mill are available for dry milling. Using the pin mill, ammonium perchlorate, ammonium nitrate or potassium nitrate can be milled to …

Chemical Description. Ammonium perchlorate, NH 4 ClO 4, a colorless solid, 1 is orthorhombic crystalline in structure. Ammonium perchlorate is soluble in both water and methanol, but has limited solubility in ethanol and acetone. 2 The CAS Registry number is . 3 Its molecular weight is 117.49. 2.

Ammonium perchlorate (NH4ClO4, AP) is an effective oxidizer widely used in composite solid propellants (CSPs) due to its high oxygen balance (Li et al., 2014; …

Of the domestically produced (high grade) perchlorate, 90 percent is estimated to be used in the defense and aerospace industries in the form of ammonium perchlorate (GAO 2005; ITRC 2005). Perchlorate has been used by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) as an oxidizer in munitions and missiles since the 1940s (Mendiratta et al. 1996).

Ammonium perchlorate (NH 4 CLO 4) is a white crystalline substance. It is a powerful oxidizing material. It is stable in pure form at ordinary temperature, but decomposes at a temperature of 150°C or above. It becomes an explosive when mixed with finely divided organic materials. AP exhibits the same explosive sensitivity to shock as …

1. Introduction. Ammonium perchlorate (AP), NH 4 ClO 4, which is one of the most commonly used solid propellant oxidizers, is a strong oxidizing substance.It readily reacts with reductive substances, decomposing and releasing a large amount of energy [1], [2], [3], [4].The AP content of solid propellants is as high as ∼60–80%; thus, the …

The graphite in powder form was obtained by machining and grinding the as purchased graphite rod. The powder thus obtained was sieved and brought to the average particle size of 40 μm. The average particle size of ammonium perchlorate was reduced to 45 μm using an air classifying mill. 2.1.2 Methods (a) Synthesis of reduced graphene oxide (rGO)

Perchloric acid ammonium salt. Description: Ammonium perchlorate is an oxidiser used in a large number of compositions. Very impressive colour compositions can be made with it, but their burn rate is often too low for use in star compositions. For lance work and torches slow burning is an advantage and it is therefore commonly used in these items.

Introduction. Ammonium perchlorate (NH 4 ClO 4, AP) has been widely used in propellants and polymer-bonded explosive (PBX) due to its high oxygen content, high density, large amounts of gas generation, simple preparation process and no heavy metal ions 1, 2.The proportion of AP in solid propellants is so high that in some …

In this research, hematite nanoparticles (α-Fe2O3 NPs) with spherical morphology were synthesized by high-energy ball-milling method for different milling times (40 and 60 h) at dry medium. The synthesized α-Fe2O3 NPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction and field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) techniques. An …

Abstract. The latest developments in solid propellants and their components are summarized. Particular attention is given to emerging energetic binders and novel, …

Ammonium perchlorate, an oxidizer, is the most prevalent form of this compound; has been widely used in solid propellants, fireworks, and flares; and is a constituent of many munition components. Manufacture of ammonium perchlorate began in the 1940s, primarily for use by the defense industry and later by the aerospace industry.

Ammonium Perchlorate (AP) was smashed by jet mill, and then superfine spherical AP particles was prepared by planetary ball mill. Their morphologies, particle and IR spectra were characterized ...

ToxFAQs™ for Perchlorates. CAS#: 1,,,, . This fact sheet answers the most frequently asked health questions (FAQs) about perchlorates. For more information, call the ATSDR Information Center at 1-800-232-4636. This fact sheet is one in a series of summaries about hazardous substances and their ...

Ammonium perchlorate (AP) is an extensively used crystalline oxidizer in high energy materials the compositions. Desired morphology of AP is crucial for high burn rates of solid propellants.

. Pagination or Media Count: 18.0. Abstract: Ammonium perchlorate was continuously ground in a jet mill with helium gas and with nitrogen gas for comparison. …

These propellants are harder to ignite than black powder or sugar based propellants and require a longer burning, more intense igniter. John Wickman is his great book How to Make Amateur Rockets gives these …

Ammonium perchlorate ("AP") is an inorganic compound with the formula NH4ClO4. It is a colorless or white solid that is soluble in water. It is a powerful oxidizer. Combined with a fuel, it can be used as a rocket propellant called ammonium perchlorate composite propellant. Wikipedia.