was the main wear mechanism [21]. However, the solid elastic grinding apparatus has a large mass and is greatly affected by centrifugal force [22]. In addition, the improved SAG tool is a plane grinding apparatus, which is not suitable for grinding curved parts. Based on the above research, a spherical SAG tool was proposed, which is suitable

wire electro discharge grinding (WEDG) technology, a twin-wire EDM system that combines rough and finish machining into one process allows the efficient fabrication of micro tools. This high-speed micro tool fabrication process can be applied not only to micro electrode machining but also to micro punching tool and micro probing tips ...

Another type of micro-pencil grinding tool is a sintered tool where the grains are bonded in a sintered bronze layer on a tungsten carbide blank. ... The ELID CG-Grinding set up allows the continuous dressing during cup wheel grinding of flat and spherical workpieces. ELID interval dressing (ELID-II) is especially suited for internal …

An efficient method to fabricate an aspheric lens is the use of cup diamond wheels to fabricate spherical lenses, followed by the use of cylindrical diamond wheels for aspherization. If the quality of spherical surface CG is compliance during the grinding process, then the aspherization process conducted in the grinding system is more …

Small-scale aspheric optical elements have an urgent market demand and a wide range of applications. With the development of science and technology and the increasing requirements on product quality, the polishing technology of small size aspheric optical elements is becoming much more important in the field of ultra-precision …

Grinding process is one of the important methods to realize precision surface for many high-strength, toughness metal materials and hard brittle non-metal materials [1,2,3,4,5,6,7].It has been widely used in manufacturing key parts in aerospace, astronomy, biomedicine, optics, and other fields [8,9,10,11,12,13,14].For hard and brittle non-metallic …

This concept is presented here by means of a miniature spherical grinding module (GrindBall). It combines a specifically developed magnetic bearing with fluid …

The structure and material of micro tools have a significant impact on their machining performance. To improving the machining performance and wear resistance of micro milling tools, a new PCBN multi-edge ball milling and grinding composite tool (ME-BMGT) with multi-edge and spherical flank is proposed.

A novel approach of three-linear-axis ultra-precision grinding with wheel path generation, tool interference checking and profile compensation is proposed and systematically investigated for fabricating aspheric surfaces. The performance of the proposed techniques is evaluated by grinding an aspheric mould insert on bindless …

The microstructures with spherical end have been widely applied in micromachining and measurement. In this paper, a microelectrode with spherical end was fabricated combining electrochemical etching with spark discharge machining. Firstly, the formation mechanism of micro spherical electrode was simulated by molecular …

A micro-spherical probe used on CMM needs to consider compensation of the radius. It is necessary to measure the whole profiles of the spherical probe when used as a probe on CMM. However, it is not easily available to measure the profile such as several micrometers of the spherical probes. ... Wire electro-discharge grinding for …

grinding to generate micro V-groove array and micro pyramid array on binderless WC as well as SiC ceramic. The micro arrays with roughness of less than 50 nm and edge radius of less

1. Introduction. Grinding is the most widely used high-efficiency and low-cost finishing process in the manufacturing industry. 1 During grinding, the interaction between the grinding wheel and workpiece generates grinding force at sliding, elastic/plastic deformation, and chip-forming stages. 2, 3 Grinding force is an important parameter to …

In general, spherical and layered nanofluids have higher lubrication performance, while tubular nanofluids have stronger "micro-grinding" ability. The lubrication properties of CNT nanofluid are better than Al 2 O 3 …

This indicates that the phase shift is a significant parameter to determine the waviness pattern, and the uniform distribution of grinding points is beneficial to suppress the micro-waviness in parallel grinding. Finally, an error-suppression strategy is proposed by adjusting the wheel speed to maintain an appropriate phase shift to suppress ...

Grinding tools used for steep aspheric surface include disc grinding wheel, spherical grinding wheel, and abrasive belt. Deterministic micro-grinding technology is used to finish the ALON steep aspheric surface with an aspect ratio of 1.37, where the concave surface is ground with a spherical diamond wheel and the convex surface is …

In the present study, the swing cutting machining process via a side-mounted clamped tool is analyzed, the relationships between the tool parameters and the structure of the micro-spherical lens are established, and the tool path is generated. Moreover, a high-precision B-axis tool setting method that combines CCD tool setting and trial cutting ...

in Figure3b. As can be seen, the grinding trajectory of the three-body coupling grinding mode is all over the spherical surface, while the traditional V-groove grinding trajectory is annular. Through the related work completed by the project, the feasibility of the three-body coupling grinding mode has been proven to a considerable …

In this paper, the primary factors affecting surface quality are studied and a theoretical model is developed for surface generation in grinding silicon carbide (SiC). The model takes into account the geometrical kinematics and tool micro-vibration in the grinding operation. The simulated roughness profiles agree reasonably well with …

Micro-grinding as one of micro-precision machining technology is capable to fabricate micro-parts and structures with high machining precision and quality. In this …

In this paper, molecular dynamics is used to analyze monocrystalline nickel by spherical abrasive grinding. The effects of different grinding speeds, different grinding depths and different sizes of abrasive grains on subsurface defects are compared. ... It was found that by using finer diamond grits, the depth of micro dents was reduced ...

Page 1 of 2 - Manually grinding a lens - posted in ATM, Optics and DIY Forum: Hello, I'll start to grind a lens with a photographer friend who wanted after years of photography to make one himself to get a feel of the process. The first one will be made in a schott mirror blank, 102mm/15mm thick, and will be plano-convex. We don't expect it to …

The three axes of the CMM are equipped with an air source brake switch and a micro-moving device, which can realize precision transmission of a single axis and adopt a high-performance data acquisition system. ... Lv, M. Study of subsurface damage of monocrystalline nickel in nanometric grinding with spherical abrasive grain. Phys. B …

The grinding experiments are carried out to optimize fabrication process parameters based on grey relational grade theory and the MSPBM with 0.2 mm diameter …

Finally, the micro-grinding force model of spherical abrasive particles can be deduced as Eq., among them, ζ is the angle between the resultant force and the processing direction, and ζ = β + α − π/2, where η is instantaneous shear angle, and η …

Researchers have also considered different cutter geometry like torus shape [10], spherical grinding wheel [11] and ball end mill geometry for different conditions such as equal rake and clearance angle ... Cutting edge radius along the cutting edge is varying because of the limitations in micro edge preparation or tool grinding process. To ...

Among them, the grinding force of sphere grain is much larger than that of the other three kinds of grain shapes, which is about an order of magnitude higher, and there is a huge fluctuation in the grinding force. ... (2016) Micro-mechanical behavior and machining property for tripler plane of KDP crystal[J]. Opt Precis Eng 24(02):398–405 (in ...

CBN particles have the characteristics of high hardness and can play the function of micro-grinding. Therefore, in order to exert the micro-grinding function of CBN particles, a 0.2 mm diameter PCBN micro ball-end mill is designed with a spherical flank structure (MSPBM) as shown in Fig. 1. This mill has five cutting edges, and the spherical ...

The micro-grinding technology is used to fabricate micro-grooves and micro-pyramid array structures on the surface of single crystal silicon, aluminum-based silicon carbide, reaction sintered silicon carbide, crystallite glass ceramics and die steel with high strength. The V-groove tip angle, tip arc radius and form accuracy were …

In order to meet the P2-grade bearing grinding requirements, we designed a high-speed internal grinding machine to be used for grinding bearing raceways and inner circles. The machine has a T-type layout and a four-axis numerical control linkage. It is supported by hydrostatic pressure and driven directly by a torque motor. In addition, it is …