Priority was given to addressing the technological and economic challenges associated with the recovery of scandium from the said residues, with particular emphasis on the …

An excellent extraction selectivity towards Sc over other REEs in 4 mol/L HCl solution was achieved with the separation factor βSc/REEs over 8000 by 2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid mono 2-ethylhexyl ester (HEHEHP) and the extraction equilibrium can be obtained within 20 min. The extracted Sc can be stripped using 5 mol/L NaOH solution …

Scandium is commonly found in ores of other metals and recovered from their residues and tailings. Various metallurgical processes of scandium recovery from …

Among the most crucial scandium recovery challenges, the codissolution and co-extraction of metal impurities such as iron, titanium, zirconium, uranium, thorium …

The method was selected to obtain high scandium recovery and leaching selectivity to iron and aluminium. Series of leaching experiments were conducted under variations of H 2 SO 4 concentration (0.5–1.5 M), leaching duration (1–4 h), leaching temperature (200–240 °C), and slurry density (10–30% (w/w)). Taguchi method with …

The stepwise leaching of carbonate–hydrocarbonate slurry in a countercurrent mode led to an increase in scandium recovery up to 47.8–50.1% compared with carbonization no more than 30–40%. At a slurry/resin ratio of 10–80/1 and S/L ratio of ¼, the capacity of phosphorus-containing Na + form of the Lewatit TP-260 ion exchanger …

reported. The review only concerned the technologies allowing the recovery of scandium as one of the final products of the operation. Figure 1. Price of scandium oxide US$/kg, data from [6–8]. Apart from being economically viable, the re-processing technology must exhibit

A discussion of factors affecting scandium extraction/recovery towards UN SDG. • A thorough review of current techniques for scandium extraction/recovery. • Analysis of each of the main scandium sources worldwide and opportunities. • Hydrometallurgical processing is the main route towards low CO 2 emission. •

Among the most crucial scandium recovery challenges, the codissolution and co-extraction of metal impurities such as iron, titanium, zirconium, uranium, thorium and rare earth, which interfere...

1. Introduction. Scandium is a transition metal mostly used in a developing technology of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and Sc-Al alloys. In the year of 2017, scandium entered the list of critical raw materials (CRMs), …

1. Introduction. Scandium is a transition metal mostly used in a developing technology of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and Sc-Al alloys. In the year of 2017, scandium entered the list of critical raw materials (CRMs), assessed separately from …

A discussion of factors affecting scandium extraction/recovery towards UN SDG. • A thorough review of current techniques for scandium extraction/recovery. • …

Cooling crystallization gave a low yield of ammonium scandium hexafluoride, (NH4)3ScF6, below 50% at the lowest temperature of 1 °C investigated. Antisolvent crystallization using ethanol gave almost complete recovery with precipitation efficiency greater than 98% for an ethanol-to-strip liquor volumetric ratio of 0.8.

To facilitate future scientific and technical developments, the literature for scandium recovery from several sources is reviewed and presented with a discussion of future opportunities. The general processing route considered was using hydrometallurgy (aqueous media), due to the environmental benefits and costs when compared with ...

Scandium can then be recovered from the pregnant strip liquor by crystallization. Different crystallization techniques can be used to generate the supersaturation required for scandium to crystallize out as a salt.

Priority was given to addressing the technological and economic challenges associated with the recovery of scandium from the said residues, with particular emphasis on the bauxite residue from alumina production, which represents nearly 5 …

An identical value of 0.07 has been for the range of 1–1.5, 1.5–2 and 2–2.0 µm. The addition of scandium leads to a modification of the alloy structure. A modification of the primary lamellar structure is observed, which is associated with a change in the boundaries and defragmentation of the lamellar structures [ 22 ].

Recovery of scandium (Sc) from various wastes is generally one strategy to solve potential supply shortage problems of Sc. This work proposes a synergistic process for co-recovery of Sc by using the acid titanium white waste acid (TWWA) to leach the basic red mud, to which the acidity was adjusted with concentrated sulfuric acid when necessary.

Scandium is commonly found in ores of other metals and recovered from their residues and tailings. Various metallurgical processes of scandium recovery from various resources, such as ores of scandium, rare earths, uranium, aluminium, titanium, tungsten, nickel, tantalum and niobium are reviewed.

Recovery of scandium (Sc) from various wastes is generally one strategy to solve potential supply shortage problems of Sc. This work proposes a synergistic …

The scandium in the ltrate after the recovery of titanium can be nely extracted with P507, and 99.79% scandium can be extracted by single-stage extraction under the P507 concentration of 15%, the phase ratio (O/A) of 1:13, and extraction time of 6 min. In addition, the process of extracting scandium with P507 is an exother-

The recovery of scandium (Sc) from wastes and various resources using solvent extraction (SX) was discussed in detail. Moreover, the metallurgical extractive procedures for Sc recovery were presented. Acidic and neutral organophosphorus (OPCs) extractants are the most extensively used in industrial …

A scandium production with 96% purity and 95% recovery was achieved using 6–8 stages of SX, 7–9 stages of scrubbing, and 1–2 stages of recovery. …

To facilitate future scientific and technical developments, the literature for scandium recovery from several sources is reviewed and presented with a discussion …

The above process showed enhanced selectivity for scandium recovery from a multi-component solution evidenced by high separation coefficients (Pasechnik et al., 2021). The red mud is a by-product of the alumina industry composed of hematite, goethite, anatase, gibbsite, quartz, calcite, cancrinite, and sodalite phases. Show abstract.

A scandium production with 96% purity and 95% recovery was achieved using 6–8 stages of SX, 7–9 stages of scrubbing, and 1–2 stages of recovery. Scandium could be recovery from the mineral sands [ 114 ], …

process steps for the recovery of scandium from Jamaican bauxite . residue (red mud). ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering . 6 (1):1478–88. doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b03968.

Scandium (Sc) became one of the key elements for advanced Al-based lightweight alloys due to major improvements in physical properties. Due to extreme prices and rare primary sources, recovery of Sc from available end-of-life (EoL) products has clearly became the focus of research. Al-Sc-containing 3D powders are one of …

The recovery of scandium (Sc) from wastes and various resources using solvent extraction (SX) was discussed in detail. Moreover, the metallurgical extractive …

Scandium can then be recovered from the pregnant strip liquor by crystallization. Different crystallization techniques can be used to generate the …